Everything You Need To Know About Sniffing – Part 1

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What is a sniffer in hacking?
This section describes network sniffing and threats, how a sniffer works, active and passive sniffing, how an attacker hacks a network using sniffers, protocols susceptible to sniffing, sniffing within the data link layer of the OSI model, hardware protocol analyzers, SPAN ports, wiretapping, and lawful interception.

Network Sniffing
Packet sniffing may be a process of monitoring and capturing all data packets passing through a given network sniffer by using a software application or a hardware device, Sniffing is simple in hub-based networks, because the traffic on a segment passes through all the hosts related to that segment. However, most networks today work on switches. 
A switch is a complicated computer networking device. the main difference between a hub and a switch is that a hub transmits line data to every port on the machine and has no line mapping, whereas a switch looks at the Media Access Control (MAC) address related to each frame passing through it and sends the data to the specified port. A MAC address may be a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network,An attacker must manipulate the functionality of the switch so as to see all the traffic passing through it.
 A packet sniffing program (also known as a Ip sniffer) can capture data packets only from within a given subnet, which suggests that it cannot sniff packets from another network. Often, any laptop can plug into a network and gain access to it. Many enterprises’ switch ports are open. A packet sniffer placed on a network in promiscuous mode can capture and analyze all of the network traffic.
 Sniffing programs close up the filter employed by Ethernet network interface cards (NICs) to stop the host machine from seeing other stations’ traffic. Thus, sniffing programs can see everyone’s traffic.
Though most networks today employ switch technology, packet sniffing remains useful. this is often because installing remote sniffing programs on network components with heavy traffic flows like servers and routers is comparatively easy.
 It allows an attacker to watch and access the whole network traffic from one point. Packet sniffers can capture data packets containing sensitive information like passwords, account information, syslog traffic, router configuration, DNS traffic, Email traffic, web traffic, chat sessions, FTP password, etc. 
It allows an attacker to read passwords in clear-text, the particular emails, credit card numbers, financial transactions, etc. It also allows an attacker to smell SMTP, POP, IMAP traffic, POP, IMAP, HTTP Basic, Telnet authentication, SQL database, SMB, NFS, and FTP traffic. An attacker can gain a lot of data by reading captured data packets then use that information to interrupt into the network.
An attacker carries out attacks that are simpler by combining these techniques with the active transmission. You can learn more in practical about network sniffing by becoming an EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker from Infosavvy, Mumbai.

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