Understanding File Systems

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Understanding File Systems in this computer not only computes data but also stores data. The issue of file structure and data storage is of prime concern. To solve this issue, manufacturers employ an effective storing and organization of the data on the computer called as a file system. The file system makes it easy to find and access the data. Data storage devices like hard disks or CD-ROMs can use the file system to store the data. The file system divides the file into smaller pieces and then stores them to hard disks or flash memory in clusters.

A file system is a set of data types employed for:

  • Storage
  • Hierarchical categorization
  • Management
  • Navigation
  • Access
  • Recovering the data

Major file systems include FAT, NTFS, HFS, Ext2, Ext3, etc. Users can access the files using the graphical user interfaces or command line user interfaces. File systems organize the data in the form of tree-structured directories. These are generally file cabinets and folders. Directories require authorized permission to access.

Types of File Systems

A file system refers to the structure a computer uses to organize data on media such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and many other storage devices or an index or database that contains the physical location of every piece of data on a hard drive or storage devices.

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Following are the different types of file systems:

  • Disk file systems: A disk file system is a technique designed for storing and recovering the file on a storage device, usually a hard disk, directly or indirectly connected to the computer. A few examples of the disk file system are FAT, NTH, ext2, ISO 9660, ODS-5, and UDF.
  • Network file systems: A network file system is a type of file system, which helps the users to access the files on other computers connected through a network. The file systems are transparent to the user. A few examples of network file systems are NFS, CIFS, and GFS.
  • Database file systems: It is a new method of storing data on the computer and effectively managing the file system. Earlier file systems used hierarchical structured management, but the database file system identifies the files by their characteristics, such as the name of the file, type of the file, topic, author, or similar metadata. Therefore, a user can search for a file by formulating the SQL query or in natural For example, if the user needs to find the documents written, then the query “documents written by ABC” will show the results.
  • Flash file systems: This system stores the files or data in flash memory devices. In today’s world, these file systems are becoming prevalent with the increasing number of mobile devices. With these file systems, the cost per memory size decreases, and the capacity of flash memory will increase.
  • Tape file systems: It stores files on tape in a self-describing form. Magnetic tapes work as sequential storage media with significantly longer random data access time as compared to disks, posing challenges to the creation of a general-purpose file system with efficient management. Tape drives require a linear motion to unwind and wind potentially very long reels of media. This might take several seconds or minutes to move the read/write head.
  • Shared disk file systems: A shared disk file system works on the principle of accessing an external disk subsystem (SAN) through a number of The file system arbitrates access to that subsystem, to prevent write collisions.
  • Special-purpose fide systems: In a special-purpose file system, the software organizes files during the run time and uses them for tasks such as communication between computer processes or temporary file space. File-centric operating systems such as UNIX use this file system. Any file system that is not a disk file system or network file system is a special-purpose file system. For example, ‘/pros` in UNIX, can help to get information regarding processes and other operating system features.
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