What is the Booting Process?

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 Booting is the process of starting or resetting the computer when the user turns the system on. The process includes getting both the hardware and software ready and running. The booting process is of two types:

  • Cold booting: The process happening when we first turn on the computer. Also called as hard boot, this happens when user completely cuts the power supply to the system.
  • Warm booting is the process happening when we reset the computer. In this process, the user restarts the system via operating system.

During the process of booting, the computer loads the operating system to its memory or RAM and prepares it for use. During initialization, the system switches on the BIOS and loads it onto the ROM. BIOS stores the first instruction, which is the command to perform the power-on self-test (POST). Under POST, the system checks the BIOS chip and CMOS RAM.

If the POST detects no battery failure, it continues to start other parts of the CPU by checking the hardware devices and secondary storage devices.

Essential Windows System Files

After installation of an operating system, the setup program creates folders and required files on the system drive. The following are the essential Windows system files.

1. Windows Boot Process

Windows XP, Vista, and 7 OSs power on and start up using the traditional BIOS-MBR method. Whereas, the Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows 8 and later versions will use either traditional BIOS-MBR method or newer UEFI-GPT method according to the user choice.

Below is process that occurs within the system when switched ON.

  1. When the user switches the system ON, CPU sends a Power Good signal to motherboard and checks for computer’s BIOS firmware.
  2. BIOS starts a Power-On Self-Test (POST) which checks if all the hardware required for system boot are available and load all the firmware settings from nonvolatile memory on the motherboard.
  3. If POST is successful, add-on adapters perform a self-test for integration with the system.
  4. The pre-boot process will complete with POST, detecting a valid system boot disk.
  5. After POST, the computer’s firmware scans boot disk and loads the master boot record (MBR), which search for basic boot information in Boot Configuration Data (BCD),
  6. MBR triggers Bootmgr.exe, which locates Windows loader (Winload.exe) on the Windows boot partition and triggers Winload.exe.
  7. Windows loader loads the OS kernel ntoskrnl.exe.
  8. Once the Kernel starts running, the Windows loader loads HAL.DLL, boot-class device drivers marked as BOOT START and the SYSTEM registry hive into the memory.
  9. Kernel passes the control of boot process to the Session Manager Process (5MSS.exe), which loads all other registry hives and drivers required to configure Win32 subsystem run
  10. Session Manager Process triggers Winfogon.exe, which presents the user logon screen for user authorization.
  11. Session Manager Process initiates Service control manager, which starts all the services, rest of the non-essential device drivers, the security subsystem L5ASS.EXE and Group policy scripts.
  12. Once user logs in, Windows creates a session for the user.
  13. Service control manager starts the Explorer.exe and initiates the Desktop Window Manager (DMW) process, which set the desktop for the user.

Related Product : Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator | CHFI

Windows Boot Process (Cont’d)

The EFI boot manager controls the UM boot process. It starts with platform firmware initialization; the boot manager loads UEFI drivers and UEFI applications (including UEFI OS boot loaders) to initialize platform functions. The system loads the OS loader at the final stage and then OS starts booting. Once the OS receives the controls, it halts the UEFI boot service.

The LIEF’ boot process has five phases and each phase has its own role. These five phases are:

  • SEC (Security) Phase

This phase of EFI consists of initialization code that the system executes after powering the EFI system on. It manages platform reset events and sets the system so that it can find, validate, install, and run the PEI.

Read More : https://info-savvy.com/what-is-the-booting-process/

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